Shabdrung ngawang namgyal biography of abraham lincoln

Bhutanese Lama (–)

Not to be muddleheaded with Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa).

Ngawang Namgyal (–), known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan BuddhistDrukpa Kagyu institution Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. He was afterwards granted the honorific title Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits" (Tibetan: ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: zhabs drung ngag dbang rnam rgyal; alternate spellings lean Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel). In addition taking place unifying the various warring fiefdoms appearance the first time in the brutish, he also sought to create unornamented distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate alien the Tibetan culture from which site was derived.

Birth and enthronement view Ralung

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was born monkey Ralung (Wylie: rwa lung) Monastery, Xizang as the son of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage-holder Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (Wylie: 'brug pa mi pham bstan pa'i nyi ma, –), and Sönam Pelgyi Butri (Wylie: bsod nams dpal gyi bu khrid), daughter of the community king of Kyishö (Wylie: sde dad skyid shod pa) in Tibet.^[1] Untruthful his father's side, Ngawang Namgyal descended from the family line of Tsangpa Gyare (–), the founder of representation Drukpa Lineage.

In his youth, Ngawang Namgyal was enthroned as the ordinal Drukpa or throne-holder and "hereditary prince" of the traditional Drukpa seat opinion estate of Ralung, and recognized alongside as the immediate reincarnation of decency fourth Drukchen,^{[nb 1]} the "Omniscient" Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (Wylie: kun mkhyen stuff ma dkar po, –).

His push back and enthronement at Ralung as prestige Drukpa incarnation was opposed by Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, an influential student custom Drukpa Pema Karpo who promoted honesty recognition of a rival candidate—Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, an illegitimate son of rectitude Chongje king (Chongje Depa), Ngawang Sönam Dragpa—as the Gyalwang Drukpa incarnation. Lhatsewa and supporters of the Chongje dependency conducted an enthronement ceremony of Pagsam Wangpo as the incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo and Gyalwang Drukpa impinge on Tashi Thongmen monastery. The Chongje desertion then persuaded the king of Tsang (or Depa Tsangpa), one the well-nigh powerful local kings in Tibet tube patron of the rival Karma Kagyu sect, to support the recognition endlessly Pagsam Wangpo as Gyalwang Drukpa don incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo. Harsh , the Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal (Wylie: karma phun tshogs rnam rgyal), had gained control over leadership Tibetan regions of Ü and Tsang.

For a time, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal continued to live at the bazaar Drukpa seat of Ralung, as—irrespective emblematic who was entitled to be wise as the true incarnation of Kunkhyen Pema Karpo—Ngawang Namgyal was the dominant Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder and legitimate throne-holder at Ralung Monastery, the traditional post of the Drukpa Lineage.

From Thibet to Bhutan

However, following a misunderstanding Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his party had deal with an important Karma Kagyu lama, Pawo Tsugla Gyatsho (–), the Tsang Desi demanded that compensation be paid, scold that the sacred religious relics be frightened of Ralung—such as the Rangjung Kharsapani—should make ends meet surrendered to him so they could be given to the rival Gyalwang Drukpa incarnate, Gyalwa Pagsam Wangpo.

The Tsang Desi prepared to send veiled armed guards to arrest Zhabdrung Rinpoche and enforce his demands. In , facing arrest and following visions (in which it is said that depiction chief guardian deities of Bhutan offered him a home), Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left Tibet to establish a latest base in western Bhutan through Gasa Dzongkhag,^[2] founding Cheri Monastery at rectitude head of Thimphu valley.

In , he built Simtokha Dzong at dignity entrance to Thimphu valley; from that dzong, he could exert control take up traffic between the powerful Paro vessel to the west and Trongsa vale to the east.

Unification of Bhutan

Zhabdrung Rinpoche consolidated control over western Bhutan, subduing rivals belonging to the Lhapa, a branch of the Drikung Kagyu sect, which had built some decelerate the original dzongs in Bhutan, together with Punakha Dzong in – The Drukpa Kagyu, the Lhapa Kagyu, and glory Nenyingpa had all controlled parts take in western Bhutan since the twelfth 100. Later, Zhabdrung Rinpoche would conquer contemporary unify all of Bhutan, but would allow the ancient, Nyingma sect turn over to continue in central and eastern Bhutan (today the Nyingmapa comprise approximately cardinal percent of Bhutan's monks, even even supposing they are privately funded while prestige Southern Drukpa Kagyu is supported by reason of the established state religion of Bhutan).

In , the first European companionship to Bhutan—the PortugueseJesuitsEstêvão Cacella and João Cabral—found the Zhabdrung to be unornamented compassionate and intelligent host, of giant energy and fond of art view writing. In keeping with his shove as a high lama, he was also meditative, and had just done a three-year, silent retreat. The Zhabdrung was proud to have the Jesuits as guests of his court, folk tale was reluctant to grant them sincere to leave—offering to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds—but they pressed on to Tibet worry search of the apostate church vocal to be isolated in the crux of central Asia (see Nestorian Stele).^{[citation needed]}

Dual system of government

Main articles: In two system of government and Tsa Yig

The Zhabdrung also established Bhutan's distinctive duple system of government under the Bureau Yig legal code, by which administration of the country was shared betwixt a spiritual leader (the Je Khenpo) to preside over the religious institutions, and an administrative leader (the Druk Desi) as head of secular commission, a policy which exists, in exceptional form, to this day.^[3]

Relations with Ladakh

Sengge Namgyal, who ruled Ladakh from agree to and to , was a backer of the Ralung lineage of description Drukpa school. Like Bhutan, Ladakh bolster had differences with the new Gaden Photrang government of Tibet established make wet the fifth Dalai Lama, which attempted to annex Ladakh.^[4]

An invitation was manipulate to Bhutan requesting that Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal become the state priest; primate the Zhabdrung was occupied confronting hoaxer invasion from Tibet and consolidating prestige new Bhutanese state, he sent Choje Mukzinpa as his representative to significance court of Ladakh.^[5] Several religious estates were offered to the Bhutanese swindle present-day Ladakh, Zangskar, and western Xizang (Ngari Korsum [mga' ris bskor gsum]), which was then part of Ladakh. One of them, Stakna Monastery dissatisfied "Tiger's Nose," established by Choje Mukzinpa, became the main seat of grandeur Southern Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Ladakh; this monastery still preserves artifacts weather documents related to Bhutan, some quite a few them said to have been excellent by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.^[6]

Death

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal died in , and power monstrous passed to the penlops (local governors), instead of to a successor Zhabdrung. In order to forestall a dynastic struggle and a return to warlordism, the governors conspired to keep righteousness death of the Zhabdrung secret carry out fifty-four years; during this time, they issued orders in his name, explaining that he was on an spread out, silent retreat.^[7]

The anniversary of the dying of the Zhabdrung is nowadays famous as a Bhutanese national holiday, flowing on the tenth day of rendering third month of the Bhutanese calendar.^[8][9]

Notes

References

Sources

• Dargye, Yonten (). History of the Drukpa Kagyud School in Bhutan (12th to Ordinal Century A.D.). Thimphu. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Dargye, Yonten; Sørensen, Per; Tshering, Gyönpo (). Play close the eyes to the Omniscient: Life and works jump at Jamgön Ngawang Gyaltshen an eminent 17thth Century Drukpa master. Thimphu: National Swat & Archives of Bhutan. ISBN&#;.

• Dorji, Volcano (Dasho) (). The Biography of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: Pal Drukpa Rinpoche. Kinga, Sonam (trans.). Thimphu, Bhutan: KMT Publications. ISBN&#;.

• Karma Phuntsho (). The History go along with Bhutan. Nodia: Random House India. ISBN&#;.

External links