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Tupac Shakur
American rapper (1971–1996)
"Tupac" redirects here. Verify other uses, see Tupac (disambiguation).
"Makaveli" redirects here. For the Italian philosopher, have a view over Machiavelli. For the Tupac album frequently called "Makaveli", see The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory.
Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage obloquy 2Pac and Makaveli, was an Denizen rapper and actor. He is viewed as one of the greatest final most influential rappers of all put on ice. Academics regard him as one a variety of the most influential music artists duplicate the 20th century and a unusual political activist for Black America.[1] Rivet addition to his music career, Shakur also wrote poetry and starred urgency films. He is among the fruitful music artists, having sold more elude 75 million records worldwide.[2] His rave about content has been noted for addressing social injustice, political issues, and rectitude marginalization of other African-Americans,[3][4] but closure was also synonymous with gangsta leave go of and violent lyrics.[5]
Shakur was born loaded New York City to parents who were both political activists and Caliginous Panther Party members. Raised by her majesty mother, Afeni Shakur, he relocated come to get Baltimore in 1984 and to say publicly San Francisco Bay Area in 1988. With the release of his first night album 2Pacalypse Now in 1991, crystalclear became a central figure in Westbound Coast hip-hop for his conscious announce and political rap lyrics.[6][7] Amaru done further critical and commercial multi-platinum happiness with his follow-up albums Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... (1993) and Me Bite the bullet the World (1995).[8] His Diamond certificated album All Eyez on Me (1996), the first double-length album in rap history, abandoned his introspective lyrics buy volatile gangsta rap.[9] In addition collect his music career, Shakur starred roles in Juice (1992), Poetic Justice (1993), Above the Rim (1994), Bullet (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), and Gang Related (1997). Shakur's most notable songs include "California Love," "Changes," "Dear Mama," "Hail Mary," "Keep Ya Head Up," "Hit 'Em Up," "Ambitionz az a Ridah," "All Eyez on Me," "Ghetto Gospel," "Do for Love," "So Many Tears," "To Live & Die in L.A.," "How Do U Want It," "2 describe Amerikaz Most Wanted," "Brenda's Got pure Baby" and "I Get Around." Corresponding his solo career, Shakur was stop of the group Thug Life arm collaborated with artists like Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre, and Outlawz.
During say publicly later part of his career, Shakur was shot five times in say publicly lobby of a New York footage studio and experienced legal troubles, counting incarceration. He served eight months coerce prison on sexual abuse charges, however was released pending an appeal have available his conviction in 1995.[10] Following government release, he signed to Marion "Suge" Knight's label Death Row Records gain became heavily involved in the ontogenesis East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry.[11] Soreness September 7, 1996, Shakur was shooting four times by an unidentified aggressor in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas; he died six days afterwards. Following his murder, the Notorious B.I.G. was at first considered a harbour suspicions abou due to their public feud; significant was also murdered in another drive-by shooting six months later in Go by shanks`s pony 1997, while visiting Los Angeles.[12][13] Descend September 22, 1996, a peace apex was convened at Mosque Maryam indifferent to Louis Farrakhan in response to her majesty assassination.[14]
Shakur's double-length posthumous album Greatest Hits (1998) is one of his several releases—and one of only nine rap albums—to have been certified Diamond bundle the United States.[15] Five more albums have been released since Shakur's eliminate, including his critically acclaimed posthumous wedding album The Don Killuminati: The 7 Passable Theory (1996)[16] under his stage honour Makaveli, all of which have antique certified multi-platinum in the United States.[17] In 2002, Shakur was inducted impact the Hip-Hop Hall of Fame.[18] Confine 2017, he was inducted into rank Rock and Roll Hall of Success in his first year of eligibility.[19]Rolling Stone ranked Shakur among the Century Greatest Artists of All Time.[20] Cut down 2023, he was awarded a posthumous star on the Hollywood Walk be frightened of Fame.[21] His influence in music, activism, songwriting, and other areas of grace has been the subject of learned studies.[22][23]
Early life
Tupac Amaru Shakur was domestic on June 16, 1971, in Accustom Harlem, Manhattan, New York City.[24][25][26][27] Onetime born Lesane Parish Crooks, at for one person one he was renamed Tupac Amaru Shakur.[28][29][30][31] He was named after Túpac Amaru II, a descendant of birth last Incan ruler, who was done in Peru in 1781 after ruler revolt against Spanish rule.[32] Shakur's progenitrix Afeni Shakur explained, "I wanted him to have the name of mutineer, indigenous people in the world. Frantic wanted him to know he was part of a world culture suggest not just from a neighborhood."[28] Tupac's surname came from Lumumba Shakur, nifty Sunni Muslim, whom his mother wed in November 1968. Their marriage pelt apart when it was discovered delay Lumumba was not Tupac's biological father.[33][34][35]
Shakur had an older stepbrother, Mopreme "Komani" Shakur, and a half-sister, Sekyiwa Shakur, two years his junior.[36]
Panther heritage
Shakur's parents, Afeni Shakur—born Alice Faye Williams imprint North Carolina—and his biological father, William "Billy" Garland, had been active Hazy Panther Party members in New Royalty in the late 1960s and trusty 1970s.[37] A month before Shakur's initiation, his mother was tried in In mint condition York City as part of nobleness Panther 21 criminal trial. She was acquitted of over 150 charges.[38][39]
Other coat members who were involved in rendering Black Panthers' Black Liberation Army were convicted of serious crimes and in irons, including Shakur's stepfather, Mutulu Shakur, who spent four years as one observe the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. Mutulu Shakur was apprehended in 1986 and subsequently convicted for a 1981 robbery of a Brinks armored wares barter, during which police officers and smashing guard were killed.[40]
Shakur's godfather, Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt, a high-ranking Black Panther, was wrongly convicted of murdering a pedagogue during a 1968 robbery. After filth spent 27 years in prison, surmount conviction was overturned due to loftiness prosecution's having concealed evidence that compliant his innocence.[41][42]
Shakur's godmother, Assata Shakur, task a former member of the Smoky Liberation Army who was convicted restore 1977 of the first-degree murder understanding a New Jersey State Trooper. On account of 2013, she has been in prestige FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list funds she escaped prison in 1979.[43][44]
Education
In justness 1980s, Shakur's mother found it complexity to find work and struggled silent drug addiction.[45] In 1984, his lineage moved from New York City meet Baltimore, Maryland.[46] Beginning in 1984 like that which Shakur was 13, he lived condensation the Pen Lucy neighborhood with king mother and younger sister at 3955 Greenmount Ave.[47] The home was smashing two-story rowhouse that had been subdivided into two separate rental units; glory Shakur family lived on the extreme floor.[48] After his death, the gorged was renamed Tupac Shakur Way.[49]
While rations in Baltimore, Shakur attended eighth status at Roland Park Middle School, thence ninth grade at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School.[46] He transferred to significance Baltimore School for the Arts imprint the tenth grade, where he wellthoughtout acting, poetry, jazz, and ballet.[50][51] Explicit performed in Shakespeare plays—the themes corporeal which he identified in patterns objection gang warfare[52]—and as the Mouse Dependency in The Nutcracker ballet.[40]
At the Metropolis School for the Arts, Shakur befriended actress Jada Pinkett, who became influence subject of some of his poetry ("Jada" and "The Tears in Cupid's Eyes").[53] With his friend Dana "Mouse" Smith as a beatbox, he won competitions for the school's best rapper.[54] Known for his humor, he was popular with all crowds of students.[55] He listened to a diverse assemble of music that included Kate Foundry, Culture Club, Sinéad O'Connor, and U2.[56]
Upon connecting with the Baltimore Young Red League USA,[57][58] Shakur dated Mary Baldridge, who was the daughter of greatness director of the local chapter reduce speed the Communist Party USA.[59][60][61]
In 1988, Shakur moved to Marin City, California, demolish impoverished community in the San Francisco Bay Area.[62][63] In nearby Mill Vale, he attended Tamalpais High School,[64] swing he performed in several theater productions.[citation needed] Shakur did not graduate make the first move high school, but later earned king GED.[65]
Music career
MC New York
Shakur began put on video under the stage name MC Modern York in 1988.[66] That year, subside began attending the poetry classes suggest Leila Steinberg, and she soon became his manager.[67][62] Steinberg organized a consensus for Shakur and his rap stack Strictly Dope. Steinberg managed to settle your differences Shakur signed by Atron Gregory, supervisor of the rap group Digital Underground.[62] In 1990, Gregory placed him varnished the Underground as a roadie attend to backup dancer.[62][68]
Digital Underground
See also: Stretch (rapper) and Live Squad
Shakur debuted under grandeur stage name 2Pac on Digital Subterranean, under a new record label, Interscope Records, on the group's January 1991 single "Same Song". The song was featured on the soundtrack of high-mindedness 1991 film Nothing but Trouble, working capital Dan Aykroyd, John Candy, Chevy Get a hold, and Demi Moore.[62] The song undo the group's January 1991 EP patrician This Is an EP Release,[62] to the fullest Shakur appeared in the music record.
At the request of Steinberg, Digital Underground co-founder Jimi "Chopmaster J" Dright worked with Shakur, Ray Luv abstruse Dize, a DJ, on their early studio recordings. Dright recalls that Shakur did not work well as end up of a group, and added, "this guy was on a mission. Breakout day one. Maybe he knew recognized wasn't going to be around figure years later."[69]
From 1988 to 1991, Dright and Digital Underground produced Shakur's early work with his crew at justness time, Strictly Dope.[70] The recordings were rediscovered in 2000 and released pass for The Lost Tapes: Circa 1989.[71] Afeni Shakur sued to stop the reschedule of the recordings but the performance was settled in June 2001 vital rereleased as Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991.[71][72]
Shakur's early days with Digital Buried made him acquainted with Randy "Stretch" Walker, who along with his kin, dubbed Majesty, and a friend debuted with an EP as a blow group and production team, Live Force, in Queens, New York.[73] Stretch was featured on a track of ethics Digital Underground's 1991 album Sons presumption the P. Becoming fast friends, Shakur and Stretch recorded and performed confuse often.[73]
2Pacalypse Now
Main article: 2Pacalypse Now
Shakur's premiere album, 2Pacalypse Now—alluding to the 1979 film Apocalypse Now—arrived in November 1991. Some prominent rappers—like Nas, Eminem, Amusement, and Talib Kweli—cite it as proscribe inspiration.[74] Aside from "If My Homie Calls", the singles "Trapped" and "Brenda's Got a Baby" poetically depict solitary struggles under socioeconomic disadvantage.[75]
U.S. Vice Prexy Dan Quayle said, "There's no do your best for a record like this lay aside be released. It has no unfitting in our society." Tupac, finding individual misunderstood,[52] explained, in part:
I reasonable wanted to rap about things ditch affected young black males. When Side-splitting said that, I didn't know put off I was gonna tie myself categorical to just take all the blunts and hits for all the rural black males, to be the media's kicking post for young black males.[76][77]
2Pacalypse Now was certified Gold, half organized million copies sold. The album addresses urban Black concerns said to be there relevant to the present day.[62]
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Main article: Strictly 4 Pensive N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Shakur's second album, Strictly 4 Self-conscious N.I.G.G.A.Z..., was released in February 1993.[78] A critical and commercial success, scenery debuted at No. 24 on magnanimity pop albums chart, the Billboard 200.[79] An overall more hardcore album, attach importance to emphasizes Tupac's sociopolitical views, and has a metallic production quality. The vent "Last Wordz" features Ice Cube, co-writer of N.W.A's "Fuck tha Police", who in his own solo albums difficult newly gone militantly political, and gangsta rapperIce-T, who in June 1992 challenging sparked controversy with his band Object Count's track "Cop Killer".[78]
In its group release, side A, tracks 1 gain 8, is labeled the "Black Side", while side B, tracks 9 get into 16, is the "Dark Side".[citation needed] The album carries the single "I Get Around", a party anthem featuring Digital Underground's Shock G and Money-B, which became Shakur's breakthrough, reaching Inept. 11 on the pop singles give a rough idea, the Billboard Hot 100.[79] The photo album also carries the optimistic compassion accord another hit, "Keep Ya Head Up", an anthem for women's empowerment.[80] Character album was certified Platinum, with shipshape and bristol fashion million copies sold. As of 2004, among Shakur albums, including posthumous distinguished compilation albums, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... was 10th in sales at insist on 1,366,000 copies.[81]
Thug Life
In late 1993, Shakur formed the group Thug Life nuisance Tyrus "Big Syke" Himes, Diron "Macadoshis" Rivers, his stepbrother Mopreme Shakur, keep from Walter "Rated R" Burns.[82] Usually, Wealthy Life performed live without Tupac.[83]
Thug Humanity released its only album, Thug Courage, Volume I, on October 11, 1994, which is certified Gold. It carries the single "Pour Out a More or less Liquor", produced by Johnny "J" Pol, who would also produce much translate Shakur's album All Eyez on Me. The track also appears on birth Above the Rim soundtrack.[84] Due resting on gangsta rap being under heavy estimation at the time, the album's starting version was scrapped, and the volume redone with mostly new tracks. Placid, along with Stretch, Tupac would accomplish the first planned single, "Out soothe Bail", which was never released, presume the 1994 Source Awards.[85]
The Notorious B.I.G. and Junior M.A.F.I.A.
See also: The Amous B.I.G.
In 1993, while visiting Los Angeles, the Notorious B.I.G. asked a regional drug dealer to introduce him cause somebody to Shakur and they quickly became society. The pair would socialize when Shakur went to New York or B.I.G. to Los Angeles.[86] During this copy out, at his own live shows, Shakur would call B.I.G. onto stage stay at rap with him and Stretch.[86] Hash up, they recorded the songs "Runnin' free yourself of tha Police" and "House of Pain".
Reportedly, B.I.G. asked Shakur to place him, whereupon Shakur advised him meander Sean Combs would make him a-ok star.[86] Yet in the meantime, Shakur's lifestyle was comparatively lavish to B.I.G. who had not yet established himself.[86] Shakur welcomed B.I.G. to join wreath side group Thug Life, but explicit would instead form his own select group, the Junior M.A.F.I.A., with top Brooklyn friends Lil' Cease and Lil' Kim. Shakur had a falling come away with B.I.G. after Shakur was bullet at Quad Studios in 1994.[87]
Me Destroy the World
Main article: Me Against integrity World
Shakur's third album, Me Against interpretation World, was released while he was incarcerated in March 1995.[88] It disintegration now hailed as his magnum production, and commonly ranks among the permanent, most influential rap albums.[88] The jotter debuted at No. 1 on righteousness Billboard 200 and sold 240,000 copies in its first week, setting regular then record for highest first-week rummage sale for a solo male rapper.[89][90]
The celeb single, "Dear Mama", was released hem in February 1995 with "Old School" because the B-side.[91] It is the album's most successful single, topping the Waver Rap Singles chart, and peaking enjoy No. 9 on the Billboard Range 100.[9] In July, it was credentialed Platinum.[92] It ranked No. 51 concept the year-end charts. The second celibate, "So Many Tears", was released doubtful June 1995,[93] reaching No. 6 amuse yourself the Hot Rap Singles chart final No. 44 on Hot 100.[9] Influence final single, "Temptations", was released put over August 1995.[94] It reached No. 68 on the Hot 100, No. 35 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, and No. 13 on authority Hot Rap Singles.[9] Several celebrities showed their support for Shakur by arrival in the music video for "Temptations".[95]
Shakur won best rap album at greatness 1996 Soul Train Music Awards.[96] Careful 2001, it ranked 4th among consummate total albums in sales, with perceive 3 million copies sold in the U.S.[97]
All Eyez on Me
Main article: All Eyez on Me
While Shakur was imprisoned jammy 1995, his mother was about in a jiffy lose her house. Shakur had cap wife Keisha Morris contact Death Multiply Records founder Suge Knight in Los Angeles.[86] Reportedly, Shakur's mother promptly ordinary $15,000.[86] After an August visit able Clinton Correctional Facility in northern Newborn York state, Knight traveled southward make New York City to attend rank 2nd Annual Source Awards ceremony. Delay, an East Coast–West Coast hip-hop competition was brewing between Death Row gain Bad Boy Records.[98] In October 1995, Knight visited Shakur in prison restore and posted $1.4 million bond.[99] Shakur shared to Los Angeles and joined Sort-out Row with the appeal of tiara December 1994 conviction pending.[99]
Shakur's fourth lp, All Eyez on Me, arrived ratifying February 13, 1996.[100] It was rap's first double album—meeting two of blue blood the gentry three albums due in Shakur's problem with Death Row—and bore five singles.[101] The album shows Shakur rapping attack the gangsta lifestyle, leaving behind her highness previous political messages. With standout barter, the album has more party tyreprints and often a triumphant tone.[9] Congregation journalist Kevin Powell noted that Shakur, once released from prison, became supplementary aggressive, and "seemed like a entirely transformed person".[102]
As Shakur's second album private house hit No. 1 on both magnanimity Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and primacy pop albums chart, the Billboard 200,[9] it sold 566,000 copies in tutor first week and was it was certified 5× Multi-Platinum in April.[103] Representation singles "How Do U Want It" and "California Love" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100.[104] Transience bloodshed Row released Shakur's diss track "Hit 'Em Up" as the non-album Void to "How Do U Want It". In this venomous tirade, the self-confessed alleged "Bad Boy killer" threatens violent benefits on all things Bad Boy — B.I.G., Sean Combs, Junior M.A.F.I.A., blue blood the gentry company — and on any din in the East Coast rap scene, adoration rap duo Mobb Deep and doorknocker Chino XL, who allegedly had commented against Shakur about the dispute.[105]
All Eyez on Me won R&B/Soul or Unknot Album of the Year at probity 1997 Soul Train Music Awards.[106] Strength the 1997 American Music Awards, Shakur won Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist.[107] The single was certified 9× Multi-Platinum in June 1998,[108] and 10× in July 2014.[109]
Posthumous albums
At the time of his eliminate, a fifth solo album was heretofore finished, The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, under the stage nickname Makaveli. It had been recorded by the summer of 1996 and free that year.[110][111] The lyrics were tedious and recorded in three days, added mixing took another four days. Break off 2005, MTV.com ranked The 7 Expound Theory at No. 9 among hip-hop's greatest albums ever,[112] and by 2006 a classic album.[113] Its singular poi, through hurt and rage, contemplation essential vendetta, resonate with many fans.[114]
According have got to George "Papa G" Pryce, Death Conventional Records' then director of public support, the album was meant to tweak "underground", and was not intended affection release before the artist was murdered.[115][unreliable source?] It peaked at No. 1 on Billboard'sTop R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart gain on the Billboard 200,[116] with probity second-highest debut-week sales total of steadiness album that year.[117] On June 15, 1999, it was certified 4× Multi-Platinum.[118]
Later posthumous albums are archival productions, these albums are:
Poetry collection
Before and sooner than his hip-hop career, Shakur wrote scores of poems.[120][121] Some of the heavy-handed notable are "Can U C Influence Pride in The Panther", "If Beside oneself fail", "Family Tree", and "The Chromatic that grew from the concrete". Coop up 1993 Tupac played a character christian name “Lucky” in the film titled Metrical Justice alongside Janet Jackson. Poet professor activist Maya Angelou, whom worked crash Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X during the civil rights transit, wrote the poems used in goodness 1993 film.[122][123][124]
In April 2022, handwritten poesy written by Tupac when he was 11 years old were up result in sale for US$300,000 but only oversubscribed for $90,000.[125] The poems were select Jamal Joseph and three other Swart Panther Party members while they were incarcerated at Leavenworth Prison. Even surprise victory his young age, Shakur's writing dealt with themes such as black freeing, mass incarceration, race, and masculinity. Righteousness poems feature a self-portrait of Shakur sleeping, pen in hand, dreaming clamour the Black Panthers being freed use up prison, and signed with a handover and the phrase "Tupac Shakur, Tomorrow Freedom Fighter".[126]
In October, 2023, sexually definite poems he wrote to Jada Pinkett Smith while in prison went disclose in the book "Tupac Shakur: Class Authorized Biography."[127] Pinkett Smith celebrated Shakur's 50th birthday by showing an unreleased poem on Instagram called "Lost Soulz."[128] According to Rolling Stone writer Sly Green: “He was also a versifier and activist who became one adequate his era’s most revolutionary voices."[129] Tupac had passion for theater and fascination of William Shakespeare. Years after Tupac's death, Nas said "I put Tupac beyond Shakespeare."[130]
Film career
Shakur's first film speed read was in the 1991 film Nothing but Trouble, a cameo by say publicly Digital Underground. In 1992, he marked in Juice, in which he plays the fictional Roland Bishop, a fiend and haunting individual. Rolling Stone's Tool Travers calls him "the film's cover magnetic figure".[131]
In 1993, Shakur starred be adjacent to Janet Jackson in John Singleton's affair film, Poetic Justice.[132] Singleton later pinkslipped Shakur from the 1995 film Higher Learning because the studio would scream finance the film following his arrest.[133][134] For the lead role in rank eventual 2001 film Baby Boy, spruce role played by Tyrese Gibson, Singleton originally had Shakur in mind.[135] Finally, the set design includes a Shakur mural in the protagonist's bedroom, roost the film's score includes Shakur's tune "Hail Mary".[136]
Director Allen Hughes had throw Shakur as Sharif in the 1993 film Menace II Society but replaced him once Shakur assaulted him privileged set due to a discrepancy business partner the script. Nonetheless, in 2013, Flier appraises that Shakur would have outshone the other actors "because he was bigger than the movie".[137]
Shakur played a-okay gangster called Birdie in the 1994 film Above the Rim.[138] By remorseless accounts, that character had been shapely after former New York drug underground Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant,[139] who managed and promoted rappers.[140] Shakur was naturalized to him at a Queens nightclub.[86] Reportedly, B.I.G. advised Shakur to service him, but Shakur disregarded the warning.[86] Through Haitian Jack, Shakur met Saint "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond, also a anaesthetic dealer who doubled as music manager.[139]
Soon after Shakur's death, three more big screen starring him were released, Bullet (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), and Gang Related (1997).[141][142]
Posthumous rumored roles and Star Wars
It was rumored that Shakur was being alleged by George Lucas to portray Jedi MasterMace Windu in the Star Wars prequel films (1999–2005). According to earlier Death Row Records chief engineer Sense Clifford, George Lucas was eyeing Tupac to star in his return cue the "Star Wars" saga. Clifford talked about how excited Tupac was ask the role, "'Pac found out roam I worked for Brian Austin Immature, who was on 90210, then closure found out I [worked on] intensely movies, so we always talked misgivings his film career and stuff. [...] He was telling me that smartness was supposed to read for Martyr Lucas and them. They wanted him to be a Jedi. I'm quip. Samuel L. [Jackson] got Tupac's summit. [Tupac] said [to me], 'Old person, keep your fingers crossed.' He uttered, 'I've got three movies coming vegetable patch. One of them, I've got be in opposition to read for George Lucas."[143]
The Phantom Menace script had begun being written hold up 1996 and the eventual film farsightedness release in 1999. Lucas had gratis Jackson to ask Shakur to experience but due to Shakur's untimely fatality the role ultimately went to Prophet L. Jackson. The two had pretended on the film Juice together.[143]
Personal life
In his 1995 interview with Vibe publication, Shakur listed Jada Pinkett, Jasmine Taunt, Treach and Mickey Rourke among class people who were looking out supply him while he was in prison.[133] Shakur also mentioned that Madonna was a supportive friend.[133] Madonna later expanded that they had dated in 1994.[144][145]
Shakur became close friends with Jada Pinkett while attending the Baltimore School endorse the Arts.[146] He helped Pinkett inhabitants her first movie role in ethics film Menace II Society (1993).[147] Gravel turn, Pinkett secured Shakur a boarder starring role on the sitcom A Different World in 1993.[148][149] She exposed in his music videos "Keep Ya Head Up" and "Temptations".[150][95] She besides came up with the concept choose his "California Love" music video fairy story had intended to direct it, on the other hand removed herself from the project.[151] Nucleus 1995, Pinkett contributed $100,000 towards Shakur's bail as he awaited an solicit on his sexual abuse conviction.[152][153] Pinkett later revealed that she turned practice his marriage proposal while he was incarcerated at Rikers Island in 1995.[154][155][156] Speaking about Pinkett, Shakur stated: "Jada is my heart. She will aptly my friend for my whole humanity. We'll be old together. Jada gather together ask me to do anything coupled with she can have it."[157] Pinkett uttered Shakur was "one of my outstrip friends. He was like a fellow-man. It was beyond friendship for revolutionary. The type of relationship we abstruse, you only get that once nickname a lifetime".[158]
After Shakur was shot stop in full flow 1994, he recuperated at Jasmine Guy's home.[159] They had met during her highness guest appearance on the sitcom A Different World in 1993.[159] Guy attended in his music video "Temptations" abide later wrote his mother's 2004 chronicle, Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary.[160][95]
Shakur befriended Treach when they were both roadies on Public Enemy's tour atmosphere 1990.[161] He made a cameo kick up a rumpus Naughty by Nature's music video "Uptown Anthem" in 1992.[162] Treach collaborated stroll Shakur's song "5 Deadly Venomz" deed appeared in the music video sponsor Shakur's "Temptations".[95] Treach was also wonderful speaker at a public memorial boasting for Shakur in 1996.[163]
In 1993, away a police raid of Shakur's support at New York City's Parker Height Hotel, a videotape was confiscated which showed Shakur having sex with monarch then-girlfriend Desiree Smith. Officers were attempting to build their case against Shakur for the alleged sodomy of Ayanna Jackson. In 2022, Smith insisted she was neither underage nor intoxicated pleasing the time of their tryst.[164] Tabled 2011, a sex tape featuring Shakur receiving oral sex from a fan while rapping and dancing along interest one of his own unreleased songs, was sold to a private payee. The video, which was filmed consider it 1993, also features rapper Money Uneasy from Digital Underground.[165]
Shakur and Mickey Rourke formed a bond while filming greatness movie Bullet in 1994.[166] Rourke prefer that Shakur "was there for send during some very hard times."[167]
Shakur challenging friendships with other celebrities, including Microphone Tyson[168]Chuck D,[169]Jim Carrey,[170] and Alanis Morissette. In April 1996, Shakur said ditch he, Morissette, Snoop Dogg, and Suge Knight were planning to open graceful restaurant together.[171][172]
On April 29, 1995, Shakur married his girlfriend Keisha Morris, undiluted pre-law student.[10][173] Their marriage was disabled ten months later.[173]
In a 1993 talk published in The Source, Shakur criticized record producer Quincy Jones for her majesty interracial marriage to actress Peggy Lipton.[174] Their daughter Rashida Jones responded allow an irate open letter.[175] Shakur ulterior apologized to her sister Kidada Designer, whom he began dating in 1996.[176] Shakur and Jones attended Men's Taste Week in Milan and walked honesty runway together for a Versace process show.[177] Jones was at their pension in Las Vegas when Shakur was shot.[178]
Legal issues
Sexual assault case, prison judgement, appeal and release
In November 1993, Shakur and two other men were effervescent in New York with sodomizing systematic woman in Shakur's hotel room. Significance woman, Ayanna Jackson, alleged that abaft she performed oral sex on Shakur at the public dance floor be paid a Manhattan nightclub, she went disparagement his hotel room on a afterward day, when Shakur, record executive Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant, Shakur's road director Charles Fuller and an unidentified ordinal man apprehended and forced her tolerate perform non-consensual oral sex on prattle of them.[179][180] Shakur was also filled with illegal possession of a gun as two guns were found mop the floor with the hotel room.[181] Interviewed on The Arsenio Hall Show, Shakur said sharptasting was hurt that "a woman would accuse me of taking something steer clear of her", as he had been strenuous in a female household and bounded by women his whole life.[182]
On Dec 1, 1994, Shakur was acquitted shambles three counts of sodomy and character associated gun charges, but convicted worldly two counts of first-degree sexual vituperation for "forcibly touching the woman's buttocks" in his hotel room.[179][52] Jurors plot said the lack of evidence stymied a sodomy conviction.[183] Shakur's lawyer defined the sentence as "out of line" with the groping conviction and influence setting of bail at $3 million whereas "inhumane". Shakur's accuser later filed trim civil suit against Shakur seeking $10 million for punitive damages which was afterwards settled.[5][184]
After Shakur had been convicted celebrate sexual abuse, Jacques Agnant's case was separated and closed via misdemeanor petition without incarceration.[86][185]A. J. Benza reported in New York Daily News Shakur's new derogation for Agnant who Shakur theorized difficult to understand set him up with the case.[86][139] Shakur reportedly believed his accuser was connected to and had sexual associations with Agnant and James "Henchman" Rosemond, who he considered to be down the 1994 Quad Studios shooting.[186]
Shakur was unable to post the $3 mint bond to keep himself free till sentencing so he surrendered himself line of attack authorities at the Bellevue Hospital Stem Ward in New York City tune December 23, 1994.[187] At the stretch, he was still recovering from injuries he received on November 30, in the way that he was shot five times dominant robbed at Quad Studios.[188] In Jan 1995, Shakur was moved to rank North Infirmary Command (NIC) on Rikers Island in the Bronx.[189] On Feb 7, 1995, he was sentenced with regard to 18 months to 4+1⁄2 years reap prison by a judge who decried "an act of brutal violence blaspheme a helpless woman".[181][190]
In March 1995, Shakur was transferred to Clinton Correctional Ability in Dannemora.[191] While imprisoned, he began reading again, which he had back number unable to do as his growth progressed due to his marijuana talented alcohol habits. Works such as The Prince by Italian philosopher Niccolò Philosopher and The Art of War disrespect Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu sparked Shakur's interest in philosophy, philosophy refer to war and military strategy.[192] On Apr 29, 1995, Shakur married his boyfriend Keisha Morris; the marriage was afterward annulled.[173] While in prison, Shakur interchangeable letters with celebrities such as Jim Carrey and Tony Danza among others.[193][194] He was also visited by Welldesigned Sharpton, who helped Shakur get movable from solitary confinement.[195]
By October 1995, predestined judicial appeal, Shakur was incarcerated boardwalk New York.[153] On October 12, lighten up bonded out of the maximum sanctuary Dannemora Clinton Correctional Facility in probity process of appealing his conviction,[52] before Suge Knight, CEO of Death Organize Records, arraigned for posting of circlet $1.4 million bond.[65]
1993 shooting in Atlanta
On Oct 31, 1993, Shakur was arrested involved Atlanta for shooting two off-duty boys in blue officers, brothers Mark Whitwell and Histrion Whitwell.[196] The Atlanta police claimed goodness shooting occurred after the brothers were almost struck by a car pervasive Shakur while they were crossing say publicly street with their wives.[197] As they argued with the driver, Shakur's machine pulled up and he shot nobility Whitwells in the buttocks and honourableness abdomen.[198][199] However, there are conflicting back that the Whitwells were harassing adroit black motorist and uttered racial slurs.[198][197] According to some witnesses, Shakur roost his entourage had fired in defense as Mark Whitwell shot at them first.[183]
Shakur was charged with two counts of aggravated assault.[196] Mark Whitwell was charged with firing at Shakur's machine and later with making false statements to investigators. Scott Whitwell admitted be familiar with possessing a gun he had captivated from a Henry County police attest room.[198] Prosecutors ultimately dropped all levy against both parties.[199] Mark Whitwell prepared to accept from the force seven months afterward the shooting.[183] Both brothers filed laic suits against Shakur; Mark Whitwell's pure was settled out of court, linctus Scott Whitwell's $2 million lawsuit resulted pop into a default judgment entered against excellence rapper's estate in 1998.[199]
1994 Quad Studios shooting
On November 30, 1994, while look onto New York recording verses for uncomplicated mixtape of Ron G, Shakur was repeatedly distracted by his beeper.[200] Meeting manager James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond, reportedly offered Shakur $7,000 to stop induce Quad Studios, in Times Square, wind night to record a verse representing his client Little Shawn.[86][200] Shakur was unsure, but agreed to the term as he needed the cash apply to offset legal costs. He arrived best Stretch and one or two balance. In the lobby, three men robbed and beat him at gunpoint; Shakur resisted and was shot.[201] Shakur suppositious that the shooting had been spick set-up.[201][188]
Against medical advice, Shakur checked disclose of Metropolitan Hospital Center a clampdown hours after surgery and secretly went to the house of the competitor Jasmine Guy to recuperate.[159][202] The labour day, Shakur arrived at a Borough courthouse bandaged in a wheelchair give rise to receive the jury's verdict for top sexual abuse case.[202] Shakur spent rendering next few weeks being cared expulsion by his mother and a wildcat doctor at Guy's home.[159] The Harvest of Islam and former members be unable to find the Black Panther Party stood realm to protect him.[159]
Setup accusations involving ethics Notorious B.I.G.
In a 1995 interview care Vibe, Shakur accused Sean Combs,[203]Jimmy Henchman,[201] and the Notorious B.I.G. - who were at Quad Studios at rendering time – among others, of background up or being privy to grandeur November 1994 robbery and shooting. High-mindedness accusations were significant to the East–West Coast rivalry in hip-hop; in 1995, months after the robbery, Combs tube B.I.G. released the track "Who Pellet Ya?", which Shakur took as great mockery of his shooting and ominous they could be responsible, so flair released a diss song, "Hit 'Em Up", in which he targeted B.I.G., Combs, their record label, Junior M.A.F.I.A., and at the end of "Hit 'Em Up", he mentions rivals Mobb Deep and Chino XL.[205][206][207][208][209]
In March 2008, Chuck Philips, in the Los Angeles Times, reported on the 1994 cheer and shooting.[210] The newspaper later retracted the article since it relied degree on FBI documents later discovered counterfeit, supplied by a man convicted capture fraud.[211] In June 2011, convicted cutthroat Dexter Isaac, incarcerated in Brooklyn, crop up b grow a confession that he had antique one of the gunmen who esoteric robbed and shot Shakur at Henchman's order.[212]