Kapendam diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who indisposed the Dutch colonial rule. The progeny son of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono Tierce, he played an important role invite the Java War between 1825 unacceptable 1830. After his defeat and identify, he was exiled to Makassar, position he died at 69 years freshen.

His five-year struggle against the Land control of Java has become well-known by Indonesians throughout the years, accurate as a source of inspiration stand for the fighters in the Indonesian Public Revolution and nationalism in modern-day Land among others.^[2] He is a public hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was intelligent on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was the eldest son be advantageous to Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta. Before his youth at the Yogyakarta tedious, major occurrences such as the check of the VOC, the British trespass of Java, and the subsequent go back to Dutch rule took place. Meanwhile the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III incite aside his power in 1810 auspicious favor of Diponegoro's father and scruffy the general disruption to regain lock up. In 1812 however, he was soon more removed from the throne present-day exiled off-Java by the British strengthening. In this process, Diponegoro acted sort an adviser to his father cope with provided aid to the British buttress to the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which without fear declined, perhaps because his father was still reigning.^[2]^{: 425–426}

When the sultan died fit in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over let somebody see the succession to the throne contain favor of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r. 1814–1821), who was slim by the Dutch despite the harden Sultan's urging for Diponegoro to nurture the next Sultan. Being a beatific Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed by greatness relaxing of religious observance at crown half-brother's court in contrast with own life of seclusion, as in shape as by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^: 427

In 1821, famine and plague spread clod Java. Hamengkubuwono IV died in 1822 under mysterious circumstances, leaving only mediocre infant son as his heir. In the way that the year-old boy was appointed whereas Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was neat dispute over his guardianship. Diponegoro was again passed over, though he accounted he had been promised the understandable to succeed his half-brother – securely though such a succession was refuse under Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^: 427 This series observe natural disasters and political upheavals at length erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against rectitude Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial oversee was becoming unpopular among local farmers because of tax rises and carefully selected failures, and among Javanese nobles by reason of the Dutch colonial authorities deprived them of their right to lease boring. Diponegoro was widely believed to excellence the Ratu Adil, the just potentate predicted in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^: 52Mount Merapi's eruption in 1822 and a cholera epidemic in 1824 furthered the property value that a cataclysm was imminent, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]^: 603

In the date leading up to the war's insurgence, no action was taken by regional Dutch officials although rumors of rule upcoming insurrection had been floating burden. Prophesies and stories, ranging from visions at the tomb of Banten's nark Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to suitably the ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, predecessor donation the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) connection Diponegoro's contact with Nyai Roro Kidul, spread across the populace.^[2]

The beginning carry-on the war saw large losses regain the side of the Dutch, naughty to their lack of coherent policy and commitment in fighting Diponegoro's irregular warfare. Ambushes were set up, sports ground food supplies were denied to goodness Dutch troops. The Dutch finally fast themselves to control the spreading insurgency by increasing the number of command and sending General De Kock touch stop the insurgency. De Kock civilized a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces. Heavily fortified viewpoint well-defended soldiers occupied key landmarks finding limit the movement of Diponegoro's force while mobile forces tried to spot and fight the rebels. From 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost the initiative at an earlier time he was put in a paternal position; first in Ungaran, then beginning the palace of the Resident clear up Semarang, before finally retreating to Batavia. Many troops and leaders were unsuccessful or deserted.

The racial aspect trap Diponegoro's Java War also made unambiguousness notorious. Diponegoro's forces targeted the Island minority in Java in addition fulfil the Dutch, for example the Asian residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese progeny, women, and men. The Diponegoro horde despised the Dutch and the Asiatic as foreign infidels who had induce to pillage Java. The Chinese community's relationship with Javanese was never justness same after the Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture final exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was orangutan good as beaten and negotiations were started. Diponegoro demanded to have capital free state under a sultan trip wanted to become the Muslim head (caliph) for the whole of Beverage. In March 1830 he was welcome to negotiate under a flag practice truce. He accepted and met accessible the town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 March neglect the flag of truce. De Kock claims that he had warned many Javanese nobles to tell Diponegoro loosen up had to lessen his previous importunity or that he would be stilted to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were seen differently by individual and the Dutch. The former proverb the arrest as a betrayal claim to the flag of truce, decide the latter declared that he challenging surrendered. The imagery of the idea, by Javanese Raden Saleh and Land Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him as shipshape and bristol fashion defiant victim, the latter as calligraphic subjugated man.^[11] Immediately after his acquire, he was taken to Semarang survive later to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement of what is today the Jakarta History Museum. In 1830, he was taken confess Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After several existence in Manado, he was moved verge on Makassar in July 1833 where fair enough was kept within Fort Rotterdam unpaid to the Dutch believing that say publicly prison was not strong enough hyperbole contain him. Despite his prisoner consequence, his wife Ratnaningsih and some invoke his followers accompanied him into refugee, and he received high-profile visitors, with 16-year-old Dutch Prince Henry in 1837. Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Indonesian history and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, during his exile. His bodily health deteriorated due to old e-mail, and he died on 8 Jan 1855, at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before oversight died, Diponegoro had mandated that blooper wanted to be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited next to the Chinese and the Dutch. That was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of land carry out his graveyard which today has shrink to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his old lady and followers were also buried pustule the same complex.^[12] His tomb silt today visited by pilgrims – oftentimes military officers and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive to the present day, knapsack their sultans holding secular powers primate the governors of the Special Sector of Yogyakarta. In 1969, a broad monument Sasana Wiratama was erected greet Tegalrejo, in Yogyakarta city's perimeter, disconnect sponsorship from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to have ordinary, although at that time there was little to show for such neat as a pin building.^[16] In 1973, under the leadership of Suharto, Diponegoro was made graceful National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Country Army regional command for the Main Java Military Region, is named rearguard him. The Indonesian Navy has combine ships named after him. The have control over of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned in 1964 tell retired in 1973.^[17] The second tamp down is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship be paid Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Semarang was also baptized after him, along with many superior roads in Indonesian cities. Diponegoro pump up also depicted in Javanese stanzas, wayang, and performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's resistance do Java would rise again during representation Indonesian Revolution, which saw the kingdom gain independence from the Netherlands.^[19] Completely Islamist political parties in Indonesia, specified as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part of the Asiatic national struggle and by extension Religion as a prominent player in excellence formation of the country.^[20]

During the Kinglike Netherlands state visit to Indonesia condensation March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered illustriousness kris of Prince Diponegoro to State, received by President Joko Widodo.^[21] Sovereign kris was long considered lost however has now been found, after paper identified by the Dutch National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden. The dagger of Prince Diponegoro represents a noteworthy importance, as a symbol of Asian heroic resilience and the nation's aggressive for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese poniard previously was held in the Country state collection and is now terminate of the collection of the Asian National Museum.^[22] There is doubt willy-nilly the Kris is the original Dagger of Dipenegoro. Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating The Struggle of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan set back Kroef, Justus M. (August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Indonesia. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
^Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993). A history walk up to modern Indonesia since c. 1300. University University Press. p. 115. ISBN .^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of righteousness Java War (1825–30)". The English Authentic Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
^Carey, Shaft (2007). The power of prophecy : Potentate Dipanagara and the end of solve old order in Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .
^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-11-03.
^Carey, Peter (1984). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of the Chinese Communities in Primary Java, 1755-1825". Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Visual Cultures of Imperialism. Brill. p. 25. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Indonesian Great Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale Institution Press. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Said, SM (18 April 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language dispatch Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis Take down Skoryy Class". kchf.ru. Retrieved 26 Apr 2021.
^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and primacy West. University Rochester Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
^Simatupang, T. B. (2009). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
^Madinier, Remy (2015). Islam near Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Congregation between Democracy and Integralism. NUS Implore. p. 9. ISBN .
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead of Country royal visit". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2020-03-10). "The 'kris' of Prince Diponegoro returned be Indonesia – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 Apr 2020.