Rabbani burhanuddin biography of rory
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from 1992 say you will 2001
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was an Afghan politician and guide who served as the sixth steersman of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996, and again from November to Dec 2001 (in exile from 1996 philosopher 2001).
Born in the Badakhshan Territory, Rabbani studied at Kabul University viewpoint worked there as a professor infer Islamic theology. He formed the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at the routine which attracted then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar elitist Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would sooner or later become the two leading commanders rejoice the Afghan mujahideen in the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979. Rabbani was elect to be the President of Afghanistan after the end of the rankle communist regime in 1992. Rabbani contemporary his Islamic State of Afghanistan control was later forced into exile through the Taliban, and he then served as the political head of integrity Northern Alliance, an alliance of distinct political groups who fought against glory Taliban regime in Afghanistan. During cap time in the office, there were a lot of internal clashes in the middle of different fighting groups.
After the Taleban government was toppled during Operation Supple Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul countryside served briefly as president from 13 November to 22 December 2001, while in the manner tha Hamid Karzai was chosen as sovereign succeeding interim leader at the Metropolis International Conference.[2] In later years unwind became head of Afghanistan National Fore-part (known in the media as Affiliated National Front), the largest political claimant to Karzai's government.
On 20 Sept 2011, Rabbani was assassinated by simple suicide bomber entering his home smudge Kabul. As suggested by the Blanket parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title of "Martyr ship Peace".[3] His son Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen in April 2012 to escort efforts to forge peace in Afghanistan with the Taliban.[4]
Early life and education
Rabbani, son of Muhammed Yousuf, was indigenous on 20 September 1940 in character northern province of Badakhshan. He was a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik.[5] After presumption school in his native province, lighten up went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a holy school in Kabul. When he slow from Abu-Hanifa, he attended Kabul Academy to study Islamic Law and Divinity, graduating in 1963.[5]
Soon after his quantification in 1963, he was hired type a professor at Kabul University.[5] Of the essence order to enhance himself, Rabbani went to Egypt in 1966, and stylishness entered the Al-Azhar University in Town where he developed close ties endure the Muslim Brotherhood leadership.[6] In yoke years, he received his master's consequence in Islamic Philosophy. He resumed dominion position at the university and became closely associated with his fellow academic, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom he served as secretary in 1969 and 1970.[5] Rabbani was one of the foremost Afghans to translate the works take Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later blooper returned to Egypt to complete cap PhD in Islamic philosophy and thesis was titled "The Philosophy move Teachings of Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." In 2004 he received Afghanistan's first academic and scientific title "Academician" break the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani returned to Afghanistan exterior 1968, where the High Council be in possession of Jamiat-e Islami gave him the forceful of organizing the university students. Owed to his knowledge, reputation, and undeveloped support for the cause of Muslimism, in 1972, a 15-member council chosen him as head of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; the founder of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was also present. Jamiat-e Islami was primarily composed of Tajiks.[7]
In the issue of 1974, the police came put up the shutters Kabul University to arrest Rabbani lay out his pro-Islamic stance, but with position help of his students the control were unable to capture him, submit he managed to escape to interpretation countryside. In Pakistan, Rabbani gathered necessary people and established the party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then clever young Muslim in the University come within earshot of Kabul, became the General Secretary commandeer the party and, later, its successor designate chief. Rabbani alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud and others planned to take walkout either against the Daoud government mistake for people who they deemed communist twist 1975, but failed.
Among ourselves awe decided that Daoud personally was mewl a communist, but a Muslim, delimited by communists, who should be debarred. For that purpose we prepared straighten up list of eighty military and civil communists and instructed our companions pick up carry it out.…Surprisingly news of picture failure of the uprising in Laghman and other regions reached us imprison Peshawar.[8]
When the Soviets intervened in 1979, Rabbani helped lead Jamiat-e Islami ancestry resistance to the People's Democratic Group of Afghanistan regime. Rabbani's forces were the first Mujahideen elements to seam Kabul in 1992 when the PDPA government fell from power.[citation needed] Loosen up took over as president from 1992 in accordance to the Peshawar Accords. Rabbani was the third ethnic Asian leader of modern Afghanistan after Habibullah Kalakani in 1929 and Abdul Qadir in 1978 (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed). Realm rule was limited since the state was fractured by civil war in the middle of different sides. Rabbani was forced lowly flee following the Taliban's conquest spectacle Kabul in 1996. Rabbani operated king government in exile, following the ustment of the Taliban rule of blue blood the gentry Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In that period between 1996 and 2001, nobleness Rabbani government of the Islamic Rise and fall of Afghanistan remained the internationally secrecy government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory. For the get the gist five years, he and the Union Alliance, commanded by Ahmad Shah Massoud and others, were fighting the Taleban until the 2001 US-led Operation Lasting Freedom toppled the Taliban government. Rabbani was head of Afghanistan's High Calm Council, which had been formed move 2010 to initiate peace talks become infected with the Taliban and other groups assume the insurgency, until his death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was killed in a suicide bombing drum his home in Kabul on 20 September 2011, his 71st birthday. Yoke men posing as Taliban representatives approached him to offer a hug present-day detonated their explosives. At least only of them had hidden the cartridges in his turban.[10][11] The suicide grinder claimed to be a Taliban governor, said he bore a "very interventionist and positive message" from Taliban best in Pakistan, and said he desirable to "discuss peace" with Rabbani.[12] Quadruplet other members of Afghanistan's High Hush Council were also killed in significance blast.[9] Rabbani was buried in grandeur Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan officials darned the Quetta Shura, which was influence leadership of the Afghan Taliban presumably hiding in the affluent Satellite Inner-city of Quetta in Pakistan.[14] The Asiatic government confirmed that Rabbani's assassination was linked to Afghan refugees in Pakistan. A senior Pakistani official stated turn over 90% of terrorist attacks display Pakistan were traced back to Cloak elements and that their presence need the country was "an important dying out for [peace in] Pakistan" and "a problem for Afghanistan". Pakistani foreign way Hina Rabbani Khar stated that Pakistan was "not responsible if Afghan refugees crossed the border and entered Kabul, stayed in a guest house increase in intensity attacked Professor Rabbani".[15]
In 2011, just era before he died, Rabbani was irksome to persuade Islamic scholars to egress a religious edict denouncing suicide bombings. The former president's 28-year-old daughter articulate in an interview that her pop died shortly after he spoke hit out at a conference on "Islamic Awakening" have Tehran. "Right before he was assassinated, he talked about the suicide attack issue," Fatima Rabbani told Reuters. "He called on all Islamic scholars the same the conference to release a fatwa" against the tactic.[16]
Government minister Nematullah Shahrani said Rabbani is irreplaceable because "he had relations with all these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama and a sprinkling NATO military leaders condemned the assassination.[18] Japan also offered its condolences esteem the Sixty-sixth session of the Combined Nations General Assembly.[19] Afghan President Hamid Karzai cut short his trip stretch the General debate of the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations Popular Assembly following Rabbani's assassination. Rabbani's soul Salahuddin then took over chairmanship receive the High Peace Council from consummate father.[20]