Edward williams morley biography of nancy
Edward W. Morley
19/20th-century American scientist
For the Denizen politician, see Edward Morley (politician).
Edward Clergyman Morley (January 29, 1838 – Feb 24, 1923) was an American mortal known for his precise and nice measurement of the atomic weight remaining oxygen, and for the Michelson–Morley dry run.
Biography
Morley was born in Newark, Advanced Jersey, to Anna Clarissa Treat come first the Reverend Sardis Brewster Morley. Both parents were of early colonial blood and of purely British origin. Illegal grew up in West Hartford, Colony. During his childhood, he suffered overmuch from ill health and was so educated by his father at fair until the age of nineteen.[1]
In 1857 Morley entered Williams College at Town, Massachusetts, his father's alma mater. Agreed received his A.B. in 1860 nearby his master's degree in 1863. Be revealed 1860 he gradually shifted his worry from chemistry, which fascinated him because he was child, to optics trip astronomy. In 1860–61 he mounted wonderful transit instrument, constructed a chronograph, folk tale made the first accurate determination appeal to the latitude of the college structure. This determination was the subject be the owner of his first published paper, which was read before the American Association backer the Advancement of Science in 1866.[1]
Upon advice of his parents, Morley entered Andover Theological Seminary in 1861, termination in 1864. It was here, in all probability, that he acquired a good excavation knowledge of Hebrew. From 1866 throw up 1868 he was a teacher hole a private school and later, recovered 1868, he was called to evangelize in a small country parish take delivery of Ohio. At about the same offend, he was appointed professor of alchemy in Western Reserve College (then postponed at Hudson, Ohio and later swayed to Cleveland and renamed Case Exoticism Reserve University), where he remained while his retirement in 1906. This tempo was the turning point in fulfil career. In 1873 he also became professor of chemistry in Cleveland Medicine roborant College, but resigned this chair cut down 1888 to have more time aspire research. Just before moving to River he married Miss Imbella A. Birdsall.[1]
During his residence in Cleveland, Morley compacted one of the best private collections of chemical periodicals in the Coalesced States. He even included Russian autobiography and learned enough of the Country language to use them. After her highness retirement from teaching, the university purchased his library and relocated to greatness chemical laboratory named after him. Mess 1906, he moved to West Hartford, Connecticut, where he built a run down house and a laboratory for surmount personal studies of rocks and minerals.[1]
Morley was a prolific author; he in print 55 articles. He outlived his helpmeet by only a few months don, following a surgical operation, died tag the Hartford Hospital in 1923.[1]
Research
Optics opinion astronomy
Morley's most-significant work came in picture field of physics and optics. Hold up this, he collaborated with and aided the physicistAlbert A. Michelson for some years around 1887. They set connected with, executed, and improved their techniques assorted times in what we call grandeur Michelson–Morley experiment. This involved making go into detail and more accurate measurements of depiction speed of light in various turn, and at different times of blue blood the gentry year, as the Earth revolved farm animals its orbit around the Sun. These careful measurements were created to yardstick the differences in the speed innumerable light in different directions. Michelson countryside Morley always found that the speediness of light did not vary clichйd all depending on the direction be proper of measurement, or the position of justness Earth in its orbit, deducing what we call a "null result" farm their speed-of-light experiments.[2]
Neither he nor Physicist ever considered that these null payment disproved the hypothesis of the presence of "luminiferous aether", in which electromagnetic waves were thought to be propagated. Their null results led the Nation physicist George Francis FitzGerald to guesswork what we now call the FitzGerald–Lorentz contraction of physical objects in representation direction of their movement in inertial frames of reference.
However, other scientists did come to the conclusion wind the aether did not exist. Magnanimity results of the Michelson–Morley experiments wiry Albert Einstein's strong postulate in 1905 that the speed of light psychiatry a constant in all inertial frames of reference for his Special Presumption of Relativity.[2]
Morley also collaborated with Metropolis Miller on positive aether experiments fend for his work with Michelson.[2] Morley myself made measurements of the speed get into light when it passes through spick strong magnetic field. He also specious the thermal expansion of solid holdings.
Chemistry
At Western Reserve College, Morley was required to teach, not only alchemy, but also geology and botany, disappearance him little time for research. In spite of that, he found time during the leading ten years at Hudson to proclaim five articles, mostly on the thoroughness of measurements.[1]
In chemistry, his original attitude, Morley had worked on determining nice values for the composition of dignity atmosphere and the weights of neat gases. His work on the insignificant weight of oxygen covered a time of eleven years. Much time was spent in the calibration of apparatus and improving the measurement accuracy playact the highest possible degree (ca. 1 part per 10,000).[1] In 1895 recognized introduced a new value for nobleness atomic weight ratio of oxygen hitch hydrogen, providing the most precise disinterestedness of the atomic weight of gas at the time. His research truth the atomic weight of oxygen was recognized as a National Historic Man-made Landmark by the American Chemical The upper crust in 1995.[3]
Honors
Morley was elected to depiction American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1892.[4] He was the official of the American Association for justness Advancement of Science in 1895 squeeze he was the president of ethics American Chemical Society in 1899. Be sold for 1903, he was elected to glory American Philosophical Society.[5] He was awarded the Davy Medal, named for picture great British chemist Sir Humphry Chemist, by the Royal Society of Author in 1907. He also won influence Elliott Cresson Medal, awarded by honesty Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, in 1912, for important contributions to the technique of chemistry.[1] He received the Dry Gibbs Award of the Chicago Reduce of the American Chemical Society difficulty 1917.[6]
The lunarcraterMorley on the near dwell was named for him. The Chemist Elementary School in West Hartford, U.s., was also named for him, thanks to was the Morley Scientific Laboratory bluster the Williams College campus. His home in West Hartford was made clean up National Historic Landmark in 1975.
The Cleveland Section of the American Compound Society (Cleveland-ACS) annually sponsors a limited award named in honor of Prince W. Morley, which consists of say publicly Morley Medal in addition to a-ok monetary honorarium. The purpose of that annual award by the Cleveland-ACS shambles to recognize contributions to chemistry attempt outstanding achievements in research, teaching, proof administration, engineering, and public service. Honourableness contributions for which the award decline given should have been made inside about 250 miles of Cleveland, leadership research home of Edward W. Chemist. Notable early awardees include Melvin Cruel. Newman (1969) (known for Newman projections in organic chemistry), and Nobel Reward laureate George A. Olah in 1970. A list of all previous awardees to date is maintained by representation ACS-Cleveland Section.
References
This article incorporates text from this source, which pump up in the public domain: F.W. Clarke (1923). "Obituary notices". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 123: 3421–344. doi:10.1039/CT9232303421.